Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that organizes code around the concept of "objects." In OOP, each object is an instance of a class, and classes serve as blueprints defining the properties (attributes) and behaviors (methods) common to a group of objects. OOP is built on several key principles, including encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.
Key Concepts of OOP:
Classes and Objects:
Encapsulation: The bundling of data (attributes) and the methods (functions) that operate on that data into a single unit (class). It hides the internal details of how an object works and requires interaction through well-defined interfaces.
Inheritance: A mechanism that allows a class (subclass) to inherit properties and behaviors from another class (superclass). It promotes code reuse and establishes relationships between classes.
Polymorphism: The ability of different objects to respond to the same message or method call in a way that is specific to their own class. It allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass.
